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Furthermore, as this trend continues to rise, the relative risk of morbidity and mortality due to premature type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising accordingly. Estimations using World Health Organization data have shown that global childhood obesity increased from 4.2% in 1990 to 6.7% in 2010. Unfortunately, as the world’s adult population obesity increases, the next human generations are becoming more susceptible to gaining weight at earlier stages of life. This environment is characterized by the consumption of calorie-dense foods, reduced physical activity, and greater psychosocial stress driven by macro-level factors of globalization. In consequence, regardless of whether populations are geographically located in the Eastern or Western hemisphere, populations that have rapidly adopted a westernized lifestyle are now immersed in an obesogenic environment. In addition, obesity has grown markedly faster among the developing countries in a shorter time span than the developed world.

The rate by which the prevalence of obesity has increased in the last decades has led health experts to estimate that 1.4 billion adults are overweight globally, and of these overweight adults, 300 million are obese. Overweightness and obesity have been relatively accepted as the conspicuous culprit associated with the increasing incidence of metabolic-related co-morbidities. The components required to design such a diet should focus on the specific ancestry of each population around the world and the convenience of consuming traditional ethnic food. Here, we provide the rationale for an intervention strategy for the prevention and management of obesity-related diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis based on a regionalized genome-based diet. International guidelines and intervention strategies may not be adequate for all populations worldwide because they do not consider disparities in genetic and environmental factors, and thus there is a need for differential prevention and management strategies. At present, the unbalanced diet composition of the Mexicans has led the country to a 70% prevalence rate of overweightness and obesity due to substantial changes in food habits, among other factors. Such interactions may have promoted the positive selection of variants adapted to regional food sources. However, certain high allelic frequencies of several nutrient-related polymorphisms may have been achieved by past gene-nutrient interactions. In Latin America, most countries, including Mexico, have a heterogeneous admixture genome with Amerindian, European and African ancestries. Obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are increasing in westernized countries, regardless of their geographic location.

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